• Latest: ECM_202503 (published on April 7, 2025)

RUEC (Real Unit Energy Cost)

1. RUEC Levels

Unit: Share (GDP at current market prices in each period=100% in each country). Period: Q1 2015–Q4 2024. Notes: The dotted line represents forecasts for Q1 2025–Q4 2025. The prices are seasonally adjusted and include taxes and subsidies. The volumes are seasonally adjusted.

2. Post-Pandemic RUEC Indices

Unit: Index (average RUEC in 2015–2019=1.0 in each country). Period: Q4 2019–Q4 2024. Notes: The counts after the country name indicate the peaks in RUEC surges and the recovered level as of Q4 2024 relative to the pre-pandemic level. The prices are seasonally adjusted and include taxes and subsidies. The volumes are seasonally adjusted.

RUEC Decomposition

1. Asia (China, Japan, and South Korea) and the U.S.

Unit: Index (RUEC in Q1 2015=1.0). Period: Q1 2015–Q4 2024. Notes: The prices are seasonally adjusted and include taxes and subsidies. The volumes are seasonally adjusted.

2.  EU (Germany and France) and the UK

Unit: Index (RUEC in Q1 2015=1.0). Period: Q1 2015–Q4 2024. Notes: The prices are seasonally adjusted and include taxes and subsidies. The volumes are seasonally adjusted.